Injection valve and actuating means therefor



April 13, 1954 D. BOHN 7 2,675,022

INJECTION VALVE AND ACTUATING MEANS THEREFOR Filed June 9, 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 fzeyeizfar jam/dffiaiz 2 Pan/24m ,jffarizeys April 13, 1954 D. 1. BOHN 2,675,022

INJECTION VALVE AND ACTUATING MEANS THEREFOR Filed June 9, 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 13, 1954 UNITED smres PATENT OFFICE INJECTION VALVE AND ACTUATING *MEANS THEREFOR DnnaldLBohn, Pittsburgh, Pa.

.Applicationlune 9, 1949, SerialNo. 98,130

vEwClaims. 1

My invention relates .to an improvement in valves and in valve actuating structures.

One purpose is ,to provide a valve .sstructure adaptable for use in diesel engines and thelike.

Another purposeis to provide an improved fuel valve structure adapted to :the accurate .and efiicient control of the flow of fuel to the combustion chamber of an engine.

Another purposeis to :provide a valve structure adapted to maintain a correct and .suflicient port area.

Another purpose is :to provide a valve structure adaptable for :use .in connection with magnetic valve actuating means.

Another purpose is to provide .an :improved porting arrangement.

Another purpose is to provide an improved valve disk assembly.

Another purpose is to provide a valve structure in which electromagnetic force maybe .used to operate moving parts -.of the valve, with a substantial elimination of inertia and wear.

Another purpose is to provide a simplified valve assembly.

Other purposes will appear'from time .to time in the course of the specification andclaims.

I illustrate the invention more or lessdiagrammatically in the accompanying drawings Wherein:

Figure ,1 is an axial section. illustrating .my valve assembly in connection with the inlet .to a combustion chamber;

Figure 2 is a section on the line ;2-;2.i0f Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section on the line.3--i3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is asection on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Referring to the drawings, l generally indicates the wall of a cornlruistion chamber, :and 2 a suitable inlet aperture with which my 'valve structure is aligned. I may, for example, illustrate the cylinderhead oflone cylinder of a radial engine, but it will be understood that I do .not wish to limit myself to the .use of my valve -as sembly and valve actuating means with .anyparticular enginestructureor type. Itwill be understood that a valve unit, such as is illustrated in the drawings and is below described, may be bolted or otherwise secured through the medium of a .clamping'bridge 3, with its holding bolts 4, to each of the cylinders of a radial engine disposed with its crankshaft in a vertical plane.

In considering --an' individual "valve unit, as

1 shown in axial section in Figure 1, It indicates a lower valve body,-whlchmay besuitably formed of any suitable material. Forexample, .it .may preferably be turned from a strong aluminum alloy or non-magnetic brass bar. [2 indicates a fuel or gasport in .the form of a circular groove which may, for example, be A" x deepand which is in direct communication with an intake manifold through eight radial passages 14, 'as shown in Figure 2. An advantage of the relativelydeep and narrow annular port l2, incontrast to the usually employed circular port in poppet valve design, is the provision of a long perimeter with small cross-sectional area. The advantages of this structure will be further commented on below.

15 indicates a valve disk which may be =0! Armco magnetic iron and which is: disposed in a recess in the top surface of the valve body Ill. I illustrate the valve body It as provided with a plurality of vertical apertures IE to conduct fuel or gas downwardly into the combustion chamber of each cylinder when the disks I5 are "raised from their seats to uncover ports I2 and passages Hi. In other words, when the disk 15 is raised, the fuel flow is radially inwardly along the passages Myupward through the port [2 of each valve assembly, and then inwardly and downwardly to the various valve passages 16, in the direction of the arrows of Figure 1. The valve disk 15 is normally urged toward the closed position in which it is shown in Figure 1, as will be below described.

The upper valve body 18,-which may be fabricated from an extruded aluminum alloy or brass section-is formed with two preferably generally rectangular slots or openings I9, which extend therethrough from top to bottom. The upper valve member it may be turned or otherwise formed to provide the external stepped configuration illustrated in Figure 1.

A fully laminated transformer iron magnet 20 .is employed, in the shape of aninverted II, with its depending legs inserted within the slots I9 of the upper valve body 3. .It may be secured inplace, for example, by a cross bar .ZI and suitable studs or securing members 22. A magnet energizing coil 24 is wound upon the horizontal upper tie leg of the magnet '20, the cross bar 2| abutted upwardly against an overlying wall portion of the valve body [8. The valve body is tapped, as at Illa, to receive any suitable spark plug, which serves as one load to the coil 24 from a suitable external electrical system. The other lead to the call may be internally ground and no sealed bushing through the valve body 18 is pound pull where the gap is /8".

' of the disk I to fuel or gas pressure. tally, the disk if: is centrally perforated as at required. The magnet 20 is preferably laminated, but a solid magnet may be employed, if desired.

The coil spring 25, within a recess 25a in the lower portion of the valve body I8, is effective normally to urge the valve disk toward closed position in relation to the port 12 and the passage 16. A cap 26 encloses the upper end of the valve assembly. It may be held in closed position, for example, by screws 26a. The entire assembly is held in position by the clamping bridge 3, which may direct its thrust against the cap 26 through any suitable washer 26b.

The space in the upper portion of the upper valve member !8, adjacent the magnet and the coil 24, is suitably filled with a special compound to eliminate the presence of a dead air space. The upper and lower valve bodies Hi and [8 may be suitably gasketed, as at Illa, Ito and 18b, to prevent leakage.

While I do not wish to be limited to any specific measurements or proportions, I may menlift 0.050. The magnet 20 may provide a pull or lifting force of 68 pounds to raise the disk 0.050". The identical magnet may have an 11 Hence, if the disk 15 were to be employed to seat upon a circular port of usual poppet construction, say a 4" diameter circular port, and a fuel or gas pressure of 30 pounds were impressed on the disk 15, a pound spring .would be required to counteract the manifold pressure, and a g g minimum lift would be necessary to provide a sufficient port entry to fuel incoming to the engine. An

electromagnet effective to accomplish a 1%" lift for a diameter circular port valve disk,

' against a spring pressure of 25 pounds, would be out of all practical proportions. In the structure herein shown, however, the use of an electromagnet is practical and efficient. With the long perimeter and small cross-sectional area of the circumferential valve port 12, the relationshi of perimeter to lift provides sufidcient en- I trance area for the injection of fuel with a lift of 16 or less (0.050") of the valve disk l5, while at the same time exposing a relatively small area Inciden- Hia. The disk i5, on injection, forms a seal between its upper surface A and the lower surface B of the upper valve member IS. The advantage of perforating the disk 15 is to reduce its weight, v as its central aperture does not perform any other function.

In considering the valve design per se, the

principles incorporated in its construction may be expressedas follows:

1. For a given valve lift, the area of the fuel or gas entrance to the combustion chamber, when the port is uncovered by the valve disk, is in proportion to the perimeter of the port.

2. The fuel or gas pressure on the valve disk, which the disk closing spring must exceed, and which in turn must be exceeded by the magnetic opening force, is in proportion to the area of the intake port in direct contact with the disk.

3. These considerations for any given valve 1 lift will indicate that the ratio of port perimeter to port area .will be much greater than will normally exist where the port is circular.

. In energizing the above described electromag net, a variety of means may be employed. For example, alternators may be employed for delivering timed electrical impulses for the electromagnetic coil of each of the eleven cylinders of the particular radial engine to which the above described valve structure has been applied.

I claim:

1. A fuel inlet valve structure for use with an internal combustion engine cylinder including a generally elongated valve body adapted for positioning adjacent the cylinder, said valve body having a plurality of spaced fuel delivery passages extending longitudinally thereof for delivering fuel to the cylinder, said valve body having a generally circular groove forming a recess at one end thereof opposite to the cylinder end of the body, a plurality of fuel inlet passages positioned intermediate the ends of said body and being formed and adapted to deliver fuel from the exterior of said body to said recess, a movable valve member positioned adjacent said recess and adapted, in one position thereof to close said recess and in another position spaced from said recess to provide an entrance area for fuel proportional to the perimeter of said recess between said recess and said delivery passages, resilient means for biasing said member toward its recess closing position, and means for moving said valve member periodically to open position.

2. A fuel inlet valve structure for use with an internal combustion engine cylinder including a generally elongated valve body adapted for positioning adjacent the cylinder, said valve body having a plurality of spaced fuel delivery passages extending longitudinally thereof for delivering fuel to the cylinder, said valve body hav ing a peripheral recess terminating in a pair of spaced lips at one end thereof opposite to the cylinder end of thebody, said recess communieating with said delivery passages, at least one inlet passage positioned intermediate the ends of said body and being formed and adapted to deliver fuel from the exterior of said body to said recess, a movable valve member positioned adjacent said recess and adapted, in one position thereof to close said recess and in another position to define, with said recess, an entrance area for fuel proportional to the perimeter of the recess, resilient means for biasing said member toward its recess closing position, and means for moving said valve member periodically to open position.

3. A fuel inlet valve structure for use with an internal combustion engine cylinder including a generally elongated valve body adapted for positioning adjacent the cylinder, said valve body having a plurality of spaced fuel delivery passages extending longitudinally thereof, said valve body having an elongated groove extending around the longitudinal axis of the body, said groove providing a peripheral recess at one end thereof oppositeto the cylinder end of the body,

said recess being disposed intermediate said fuel delivery passages to permit the flow of fuel from said recess to said delivery passages in two directions from said recess, at least one fuel inlet passage positioned intermediate the ends of said body and being formed and adapted to deliver fuel from the exterior of said body to said recess, a movable valve member positioned adjacent said recess and adapted, in one position thereof to close said recess and in another position to define with said recess, an entrance area for fuel proportional to the perimeter of the recess, resilient means for biasing said member toward its recess 5 closing position, and means for moving said Number valve member periodically to open position. 2,261,562 2,321,853 References Cited in the file of this patent 2 353 343 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 3,2 ,77 Number Name Date ggg 1,199,792 Hope-Jones Oct. 3, 1916 2,003,814 Taylor June 4, 1935 2,141,069 Ne ven Dec 20, 1938 10 Number 2,245,975 Griswold June 17, 1941 1 502 Name Date Ray Nov. 4, 1941 Ray June 15, 1943 Ray July 18, 1944 Ray Feb. 15, 1949 Ray Dec. 20, 1949 Ray Apr. 10, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Germany July 30, 1935 

